Temperature-regulator.



W. S. HADAWAY, JR. TEMPERATURE REGULATOR.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 16, 1911.

1,093,126. Patented Apr. 14, 1914.

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Invento Atty WILLIAM S. H ADAWAY, JR., 0]? NEW YORK, N. Y.

TEMPERATURE-REGULATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 14, 1914.

Application filed August 16, 1911. Serial No. 644,466.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it'lmown that. I, WILLIAM S. HADA- war, J r., a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Tempera tum-Regulators, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in temperature regulators.

It'has for itsv object to provide a sensitive, accurate and otherwise thoroughly reliable temperature regulator, particularly adapted to electrical heating systems, but

which may be used in various other relations;

Other objects and advantages of my invention will hereinafter appear.

. According toone form of my invention, I provide the regulator with a liquid-vapor thermometer; ter is subjected directly to the temperature to'be controlled and vaporizes to create a "pressure varying with the temperature. The

liquid is preferably supplied in such quan tity as to maintain its vapor saturated, thereby insuring a definite relation between the temperature and the resultant pressure variations. The varying pressure resulting from the varying temperature is utilized to operate a pressure gage or other suitable means for controlling such other instrumentalities as are required to provide for the desired regulation of the heat supplying means. Regulators of this type have proved far superiorto those regulators employing metallic or liquid thermometers in which the bodily. expansion of the metal or liquid is relied upon to indicatethe temperature variations. Regulators employing a metallic body as the thermometric substance are undesirable, among other reasons, because the expansion thereof for a given temperature is dependent upon the size ofthe body and because the degree of expansion relative to a comparatively small temperature variation is slight. Accordingly, it is very diflicult to calibrate such regulators, and further, the

' use of such" a thermometric substance necessitates the use in conjunction therewith of very sensitive andfinely adjusted mecha- The liquid of the thermome-' are very unreliable, due to the unavoidable loss of the liquid by leakage, burning, evaporation, etc., which materially disturbs the calibration of the regulator.

Regulators embodying my invention overcome all of the aforesaid difiiculties for I' have found that the pressure of the saturated vapor will always bear a definite relation to the temperature to be controlled 'irre-,

spective of the volume of liquid employed and that large variations in pressure for relatively small-variations in temperature may be readily obtained by selection of liquids. For example, if water be employed the pressure will vary with respect to the temperature in a ratio of 8 to 1 within certain limits. Other liquids will provide for pressure bearing difierent relations to the temperature between other limits. Thus by selection of liquids I am able-to obtain various difi'erent pressure curves and can thus readily calibrate my regulator as desired.

. In order to more fully and clearly disclose my invention I shall describe the embodiment thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawing, it being understood that my invention might be embodied in various other forms.

In the drawing, Figure 1 is a schematic and diagrammatic view of the regulator; Fig. 2 illustrates a pressure curve hereinafter described.

The regulator illustrated comprises a ther mometer tube 1 to which is connected a pressure gage 2 which,'through suitable means,

prising a piece ofmetallic tubing or pipe tests 4, 5, and 6 of which the contact 6 sealed at one end and connected at its other end to the pressure gage 2. Wlthin the thermometer tube 1 is a thermometric liquid which, in practice, may comprise any one of a number of difl'erent liquids. The liquid is supplied in such a quantity as to insure saturation of its vapor. For the purpose of this disclosure it may be assumed that the thermometer tube contains water, in which event the water is converted into saturated steam which supplies pressure to the gage 2 when the re u-ator is in operation. As will be hereina ter more fully explained the pressure of the saturated steam within the thermometer tube varies with the temperature to be controlled in a definite relation thereto. Thus the operation of the pressure gage due to variations in pressure will indicate the variations in the temperature.

The pressure gage is illustrated as of a conventional type. It is provided with conconstitutes the gage needle or pointer. The contact 6 engages the contact 4 when the pressure increases to a predetermined degree and engages contact 5 as the pressure decreases. Thus as the pressure increases and decreases to a different predetermined degree with the temperature the contact 6 will engage contact 4 upon a rise in temperature and engage contact 5 upon a drop in temperature. The contacts 4 and 5 may be adjusted to insure engagement of contacts ,6 and 4 at any desired maximum pressure and temperature and engagement of contacts 6 and 5 at any desired minimum pressure and temperature. Thus the range of movement of the contact 6 between the contacts 4 and 5 determined the permissible range of pressure and temperature variation. When the contacts 6 and 4 engage, they efi'ect a reduction of the heat supplied by the heater 3, whereas the contacts 6 and 5 upon engagement effect an increase in the heat supplied by the coil 3. By this means it is obvious that the temperature is maintained between predetermined limits.

The means for directly controlling the heater comprises a switch 12 for opening and closing the circuit of the heater coil 3. The switch 12 is provided with an operating magnet coil 14 which influences a core 23 and is under the control of the pressure gage.

The ma 'et coil is energized upon engagement 0 contacts 5 and 6 of the pressure gage and is deenergized upon engagement of contacts 4 and 6 of the pressure gage. The switch 12 is provided with an auxiliary switch-adapted to bridge contacts 24 to establish a maintaining circuit for the winding 14 when the switch 12 is closed. This maintaining circuit shunts the gage contacts 5 and 6 so that after the switch 12 has once been closed it will remain closed during the movement of the gage contact 6 from contact 5 to contact 4. Also the switch 12 is provided with an auxiliary contact 20 which controls the resistance 27 in circuit with the magnet coil 14, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth.

I shall now more fully describe the operation of the regulator, at't-he same time clearly and fully describing the circuit connections therefor. Power 1s supplied from lines 8 and 9 and a manually controlled switch 28 is provided for opening and closing the circuit of the magnet coil of switch 12 at will. Assuming now that gage contacts 5 and 6 are in engagement and the switch 28 closed, a circuit is completed from line 8 through switch 28 by conductor 18 to binding post 17, by conductor 16 through age contacts 6 and 5, by conductor 15 tirough the magnet coil 14 of switch 12, by conductor 19 through auxiliary switch 20 and through a protective resistance 21 by conductor 22 to line 9. Magnet coil 14 thereupon responds, moving switch 12 into engagement with its cooperating contact 13. This completes a circuit from line 8 by conductor 10 through switch 12 by conductor 11 through the heating coil 3 to line 9. Thus current is supplied to the heating coil 3, and said coil supplies heat which acts upon the water in the thermometer tube 1 4. This would denergize the magnet coil 14 of switch 12 except for the maintaining circuit established by the bridging of contacts 24. This maintaining circuit extends from line 8 by conductor 25 through contacts 24 and the operating magnet coil 14 by conductor 19 .through the resistance 27 and resistance 21 to line 9, as already described. Thus the switch 12 will remain closed and maintain the circuit of the heating coil 3 after the gage contact 6 disengages contact 5. When, however, the pressure and temperature have attained values corresponding with the position of gage contact 4 the gage contact 6 engages contact 4 and deenergizes the magnet coil of switch 12. The gage contacts 6 and 4 effect this deenergization by a short-circuit around the magnet coil 14 which extends from line 8 to gage contact 6, as already traced and thence to contact 4 by conductor 26 to conductor 19. Thus upon engagement of contacts 6 and 4 switch 12 opens and disconnects the heating coil 3 from circuit. This results in the cessation of the heat supply until the gage contact 6 returns to engagement with contact 5 which it will do as soon as the pressure and temperature have range of'movement of the pressure gage forthermometric liquid. The pressure scale is indicated along the abscissae while the temperature scale is indicated along the ordinates. From the curve shown it is evident that as the temperature increases the pressure increases in a far greater proportion.

For instance, as the temperature increases from the point indicated above the intersection of the lines indicating 300 and 100 lbs. to the point above the line indicating 400 the pressure increases from 100 lbs. to 400 lbs. approximately; whereas between 400 and 500 the pressure increases 100 lbs. for an increase in temperature of approximately 25. Thus it is seen that as the temperature increases above 300 the curve commences to flatten out; and whereas the pressure has heretofore risen very slowly it commences to rise very rapidly maintaining a substantially regular curve in which at the higher temperatures the relation of pressure to temperature is approximately 8 to 1. Consequently it is evident that as the temperature to be controlled rises one degree a variation of about eight pounds pressure is indicated upon the pressure gage. With such a wide a small variation in temperature it is ossible to regulate the temperature within a variation of one degree so that a practically constant temperature may be maintained. As previously set forth, various other thermometric liquids may be obtained, thereby facilitating the desired calibration of the regulator. As has just been set forth, water provides for a large variation in pressure for a small variation in temperature at high temperatures. Other liquids, on the other hand, provide for relatively large variations in pressure for small variations in temperature at lower temperatures so that by selection of thermometric liquids the regulator may be adapted to maintain substantially constant temperature between any predetermined limits without sacrifice of the advanta es above set forth.

at I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a temperature regulator, the combination with a heater and a thermometer containing a liquid subjected to a temperature to be cont-rolled and adapted to be partially vaporized by said temperature whereby a saturated vapor under pressure varying with said temperature is formed in the thermometer, of means automatically responsive to the variations in pressure of said saturated vapor for cont-rolling said heater.

2. In a temperature regulator, the combination with an electric heater and a thermometer comprising aclosed body partially filled with liquid, subjected tovthe temperature to be controlled and adapted to be partially vaporized by said temperature, of a control switch for governing the electric heater automatically responsive to the variations in pressure of said vapor.

3. In a temperature regulator, the combination with an electric heater, an electrically operated switch for opening and closing the'circuit of the heater and a thermometer comprising a pressure gage, a tubular body communicating therewith and partially filled with liquid, subjected to the temperature to be controlled and adapted to be partially vaporized by said temperature, of a control switch automatically responsive to the variations in pressure of said vapor for actuating said electrically operated switch to open and close the heater circuit.

4. In combination, a heat-ing appliance, means containing a saturated vapor, the pressure of which varies with its temperature, and means automatically responsive to the variations in the pressure of said saturated vapor for controlling the heating appliance In witnesss whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM S. HADAWAY, JR. -Witnesses:

FRANK H. HUBBARD, A. B. DUNBAR. 

